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Kenya's Court of Appeal has clarified when successive short-term employment contracts cross the line into permanent employment, examining cases where workers performed essential duties for up to 20 years under rolling temporary arrangements. The ruling establishes that courts will look beyond contract expiry dates to assess whether the underlying work is genuinely temporary or permanent in substance, creating new compliance obligations for employers using fixed-term contracts.

Can a party claim general damages for breach of contract in East Africa, or must all losses be precisely calculated and proven? This analysis examines how Kenyan and Ugandan courts determine when compensation for unquantifiable harm is appropriate, revealing a gap between legal principle and courtroom practice.

Kenya's real estate sector achieved remarkable growth in 2025, driven by monetary policy easing, infrastructure development, and the operationalisation of affordable housing regulations.